Network Virtualization

Network Virtualization

Network virtualization is the complete reproduction of a physical network in software. Applications run on the virtual network exactly the same as if on a physical network. Network virtualization presents logical networking devices and services—logical ports, switches, routers, firewalls, load balancers, VPNs and more—to connected workloads.

Virtual networks offer the same features and guarantees of a physical network with the operational benefits and hardware independence of virtualization.
Network Virtualization
（Tunnel Network）
Network virtualization literally tries to create logical segments in an existing network by dividing the network logically at the flow level. Rather than physically connecting two domains in a network, Network Virtualization creates a tunnel through the existing network to connect two domains. Network Virtualization is valuable because it saves administrators from having to physically wire up each new domain connection, especially for virtual machines that get created
Network Functions Virtualization 

Network Functions Virtualization  allow people to create a service profile for a Virtual Server, or flow, and leverage  to build an abstraction on top of the network (the tunnel) and then build virtual services on that specific logical environment 
Network Functions Virtualization also reduces the need to over-provision: rather than buying big firewall or IDS/IPS boxes that can handle a whole network, the customer can buy functions for the specific tunnels that need them. This reduces initial Costing, but the operational gains are the real advantage.
Software Defined Networking (SDN) 

SDN uses canned processes to provision the network. For example, instead of building a network tap using an appliance, users should be able to program the network when they want to build a tap.
SDN makes the network programmable by separating the control plane (telling the network what goes where) from the data plane (sending packets to specific destinations). It relies on switches that can be programmed through an SDN controller using an industry standard control protocol
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